Historical Context
Sicily in the eighth century was part of the Byzantine world and a refuge for Eastern monastics during the iconoclast persecutions. The synaxarion presents Theoctistus's monastery at Cucomo as one such haven, receiving Greek monks who had been driven from their own communities when those houses were destroyed.
His repose in 800 placed his life after the Seventh Ecumenical Council's condemnation of iconoclasm in 787 but before the heresy's final defeat with the Triumph of Orthodoxy in 843.