Righteous Old Testament

Righteous Mary grandmother of the Theotokos

Also known as Mary, mother of Anna

Mother of Saint Anna and grandmother of the Theotokos.

Feast Day
December 14
Draft
Draft — pending review. Not yet verified for publication.

Life

Righteous Mary is venerated in the Orthodox tradition as the mother of Saint Anna and thus the maternal grandmother of the Most Holy Theotokos. The in-repo record places her among the ancestors of Christ, with a commemoration on December 14, within the Old Testament line honored by the Church before the Nativity.

Almost nothing is recorded about her. She is not named in canonical Scripture, which does not name Anna's mother at all, and she is known only through her place in the genealogical commemoration of Christ's ancestors and through later tradition. The record supports no biographical detail beyond her relationship to Saint Anna and the Theotokos, and the present account is correspondingly brief.

Contributions & Legacy

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The Limits of the Record

The names of the Theotokos's own parents, Joachim and Anna, come not from the canonical gospels — which do not name Mary's mother — but from the apocryphal Gospel of James (the Protoevangelium of James), an account of the mid-second century. Anna herself is not named in the New Testament, and the tradition concerning her own parents is later still and disputed. A fifteenth-century Western source named Anna's parents, but that genealogy was already regarded as spurious by the early twentieth century, and no early Christian tradition names Anna's mother.

Accordingly, the figure commemorated here is identified by her relationship — mother of Saint Anna, grandmother of the Theotokos — rather than by any secure biographical account. The Region of Origin given in the record, Palestine and the Holy Land, follows from that family setting. No dates, events, or further details are asserted, because the record carries none.

Commemoration

The December 14 feast falls within the period of the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers, the commemoration kept on the Sunday between December 11 and 17, the second Sunday before the Nativity of Christ. On that day the Church honors the ancestors of Christ — the patriarchs and the righteous of the Old Testament from Adam onward, together with the prophets and with Joachim and Anna, the grandparents of Christ according to the flesh. Righteous Mary is venerated within this ancestral cycle as part of the lineage leading to the Incarnation.

Sources: OCA Synaxarion (oca.org), Lives of the Saints