Historical Setting
Caesarea in Palestine was a principal city of the Roman province and a center of the early Church; it was the seat of a long line of bishops and the home of notable Christian scholarship. During the great persecution begun under Diocletian, the city was the scene of numerous trials and executions of Christians. The deaths of Timothy, Agapius, and Thekla belong to this period of suffering at Caesarea, which was chronicled by the early Church historian Eusebius of Caesarea in his work The Martyrs of Palestine.
The condemnation to the wild beasts recorded for Agapius and Thekla reflects a common form of public execution in the Roman arena, by which the authorities sought both to punish Christians and to make a spectacle of their deaths.